NOBEL PRIZE
Alfred Nobel created the Nobel Prize in 1895. The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1901. That year’s Peace Prize was shared by Jean-Henri Dunant of Switzerland and Frédéric Passy of France. Rabindranath Tagore was a renowned Indian poet, musician, and artist. In 1913, he became the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize. Mother Teresa is the only woman in India who received the Nobel Prize.
HISTORY
Alfred passed away on December 10, 1896, in San Remo, Italy. He specified in his last will that a sizeable portion of his wealth would be used to award those who played a major role in literature, physics, chemistry, peace, and physiology. Initially, there were only former five branches to which the Nobel Prize had been given. But in 1968, economics was also added to the list. At present, there are six branches to which the Nobel prize has been given. The Nobel Peace Prize is given by Norway whereas all other five have been given by Sweden.
Nominations
Nomination forms are sent to about 3,000 individuals by the Nobel Committee, usually in September a year before the prize is awarded. These individuals are usually leading academics working in the relevant field. With respect to Peace Prize, requests are additionally shipped off governments, previous Peace Prize laureates, and current or previous individuals from the Norwegian Nobel Council. The deadline for returning nomination forms is January 31 the year of the award. The Nobel Committee nominates approximately 300 potential laureates from these forms and additional names Nominees are not publicly named nor have they been told that they are being considered for the award. All records of nominations for the prize are sealed for 50 years after the prize is awarded.
NOBEL PRIZE 2022
LITERATURE
Anne Arnoux, a French author, has been named the recipient of the literary award this year. According to the Nobel website, Annie uses simple language to discuss important topics. His writing reflects both courage and a sense of courage. He wrote about every class in his essays. The award was announced on the fourth day of Nobel Prize Week, 2022. The award function took place in Stockholm, Sweden. About 40 books had authored by Annie. Out of them, 90% are in French. Some of them have English translations. The Years, A Frozen Woman, The Years, Passion Simple, La Palace, Happenings, and Do What or the Else, are a few of them. From October 3 through October 10, Nobel Week will be in full swing. In total, six prizes will be announced over the next 7 days. The Nobel Prize in Economics was finally declared. Only the winners’ names—individuals or organizations—will be revealed this week. In December, they’ll get their prizes.
Physics
Three scientists have been given the Physics Nobel Prize this year. These are Anton Gellinger, John F. Clauser, and Ellen Aspect. France is the country of Alain Aspect. He teaches at the Universities of Scheele and Paris. The head of the physics department and a researcher at the University of Vienna in Austria is Anton Zellinger. These three scientists investigated entangled quantum states, the Nobel Committee stated in a statement. The two particles in this situation behave the same. These two particles’ behavior remains unchanged even if they are split apart. Not only will this research be used for new technology, but it can also be expanded to apply to the physics of quantum information. More importantly, it may provide fresh therapeutic options for a variety of critical illnesses. In terms of technology, the study of quantum networks, computers, and encrypted communication has the potential to usher in a new revolution. A fresh direction will be taken in quantum mechanics.
Chemistry
Three scientists have been selected to receive the Chemistry Nobel Prize 2022. Their names are Berry Sharpless (Australia), Morten Meldel (Denmark), and Caroline Betrozzi (USA) (USA). In 2001, Sharpless, 81, and two other scientists shared the prize. The Nobel Committee claims that these researchers have given click chemistry a new dimension. In addition, their work in bio-orthogonal chemistry will in the future provide new opportunities in medicine.
Medicine
The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute bestows the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on extraordinary contributions to physiology or medicine each year. The Prize is presented annually on the death anniversary of Alfred Nobel on 10 December. To date, 226 laureates have received 114 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine. The first one was given to German scientist Emil von Behring in 1901 for his work on serum treatment and the creation of a diphtheria vaccine. Gerty Cori was the first woman to receive the Nobel medicine prize. Svante Pääbo got the Nobel medicine prize this year.
Peace
It has been given out each year to individuals who have contributed significant effort to international comradery, the elimination or reduction of standing armies, and the organization and promotion of peace congresses. The Norwegian Nobel Committee, a five-member nominated by the Norwegian Parliament, chooses the laureate following Alfred Nobel’s intention. Ales Bialiatski, a human rights activist from Belarus, a Russian human rights organization, and a Ukrainian human rights organization, received the most recent prize for 2022. The Peace Prize has been given to 110 people and 27 organizations.
Economics
In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank, Sweden’s central bank, endowed the prize commemorating the institution’s 300th anniversary. The inaugural recipients were the economists Jan Tinbergen from the Netherlands and Ragnar Frisch from Norway in 1969 for creating and using dynamic models to analyze economic processes. Philip H. Dybvig, Ben S. Bernanke, and Douglas W. Diamond got the Nobel Economics prize in 2022.
Organizations meet to select the winner or winners in each region by majority vote. Their decision, which cannot be appealed, is announced immediately after the vote. A maximum of three winners and two separate works may be selected per award. Except for the Peace Prize, which can be awarded to organizations, awards can only be given to individuals
